{"id":491,"date":"2018-03-06T22:41:46","date_gmt":"2018-03-06T21:41:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/wp1\/?p=491"},"modified":"2023-11-01T19:28:15","modified_gmt":"2023-11-01T18:28:15","slug":"les-galaxies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/?p=491","title":{"rendered":"Les Galaxies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">L&rsquo;univers est compos\u00e9 de nombreuses galaxies ( des centaines de milliards ) .<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Dans les ann\u00e9es 1920, l&rsquo;astronome Edwin Hubble a constat\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce au t\u00e9lescope de 250 cm du mont Wilson ( USA ) que certaines \u00ab&nbsp;n\u00e9buleuses&nbsp;\u00bb, vues comme telles jusqu&rsquo;alors, \u00e9taient en fait des syst\u00e8mes constitu\u00e9s de milliards d\u2019\u00e9toiles, de gaz et de poussi\u00e8res interstellaires et qu&rsquo;en plus, ces galaxies s&rsquo;\u00e9loignaient les unes des autres : l&rsquo;expansion de l&rsquo;univers venait d&rsquo;\u00eatre d\u00e9couverte !<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La n\u00f4tre e<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">st la Voie Lact\u00e9e, co<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">mpos\u00e9e d&rsquo;environ 150 \u00e0 200 milliards d&rsquo;\u00e9toiles ; c&rsquo;est une galaxie spirale de 100 000 ann\u00e9es-lumi\u00e8re de diam\u00e8tre , voir ci-dessous :<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/voie-lactee-suivi-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-999\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.499267935578331;width:723px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/voie-lactee-suivi-1024x683.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/voie-lactee-suivi-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/voie-lactee-suivi-768x512.jpg 768w, http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/voie-lactee-suivi-1080x720.jpg 1080w, http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/voie-lactee-suivi.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">ARA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff3366;\"><b>Il existe diff\u00e9rents types de galaxies <\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les spirales<\/strong><b> : <\/b>(l\u2019essentiel des galaxies) contiennent en moyenne de 10 \u00e0 100 milliards d\u2019\u00e9toiles et produisent de 1 \u00e0 1 000 \u00e9toiles\/an. Ces galaxies sont souvent constitu\u00e9es de bras qui s\u2019enroulent sous forme de spirale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><i>La galaxie Messier 83, photographi\u00e9e ici, est tr\u00e8s semblable \u00e0 la Voie Lact\u00e9e. Photo <\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.fineartamerica.com\/images-medium-large-5\/1-spiral-galaxy-m83-european-southern-observatoryscience-photo-library.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Spiral Galaxy M83<\/em>\u00a0is a photograph by European Southern Observatory\/science Photo Library which was uploaded on September 28th, 2018.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><i> <\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res<\/strong> <b>: <\/b>(tr\u00e8s peu nombreuses) qui abritent de 100 millions \u00e0 10 milliards d\u2019\u00e9toiles, essentiellement tr\u00e8s jeunes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/saf-astronomie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Grand-Nuage-de-Magellan-T70-20210720-JCM.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Pose de 5 minutes avec un t\u00e9l\u00e9objectif de 135 mm de focale ouvert \u00e0 F\/2 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e le 20 juillet 2021 sur le Grand Nuage de Magellan.\u00a0Filtre luminance.\u00a0Le champ couvert repr\u00e9sente plus de 40 degr\u00e9s carr\u00e9s. Nord en haut.\u00a0La grande n\u00e9buleuse au bord nord du Grand Nuage est la n\u00e9buleuse de la Tarentule.\u00a0Observatoire de Rio Hurtado Valley (Chili) dans le sud du d\u00e9sert d\u2019Atacama.\u00a0Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une toute nouvelle station du r\u00e9seau\u00a0iTelescope.net.\u00a0Cr\u00e9dit : Jean-Claude Merlin<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Le Grand Nuage de Magellan, une galaxie irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re situ\u00e9e \u00e0 160 000 ann\u00e9es-lumi\u00e8re de nous et d\u2019environ 30 000 ann\u00e9es-lumi\u00e8re de diam\u00e8tre. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les elliptiques : <\/strong>(environ 20 % des galaxies de notre Univers) contiennent de 10 millions \u00e0 1 000 milliards d\u2019\u00e9toiles. Celles-ci sont souvent tr\u00e8s \u00e2g\u00e9es, au contraire des galaxies dites \u00ab irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les mod\u00e8les astronomiques pr\u00e9voient \u00e9galement que notre galaxie fusionnera dans quelques milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es avec sa voisine la galaxie d\u2019Androm\u00e8de ( photo ci-dessous ) situ\u00e9e \u00e0 2,3 millions d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es-lumi\u00e8re de nous .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/M31-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1064\" srcset=\"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/M31-1024x683.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/M31-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/M31-768x512.jpg 768w, http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/M31-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/M31-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/M31-1080x720.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">M31 par Jean-Luc Pirot de l&rsquo;ARA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;univers est compos\u00e9 de nombreuses galaxies ( des centaines de milliards ) . Dans les ann\u00e9es 1920, l&rsquo;astronome Edwin Hubble a constat\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce au t\u00e9lescope de 250 cm du mont Wilson ( USA ) que certaines \u00ab&nbsp;n\u00e9buleuses&nbsp;\u00bb, vues comme telles jusqu&rsquo;alors, \u00e9taient en fait des syst\u00e8mes constitu\u00e9s de milliards d\u2019\u00e9toiles, de gaz et de poussi\u00e8res &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/?p=491\" class=\"more-link\">Lire la suite de <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Les Galaxies<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-galaxies","no-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=491"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1070,"href":"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/491\/revisions\/1070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/astroriom.net\/v2\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}